Quotes on Love and Friendship

On a lot of issues, Friedrich Nietzsche was one of the most passionately opinionated luminaries. However, not many would expect quotes on love and friendship from Nietzsche. In addition to him, many other famous authors have opined on love. Here is a collection of quotes on love and friendship by famous authors. Charles Caleb Colton Friendship often ends in love; but love in friendship -- never.Jane Austen Friendship is the finest balm for the pangs of despised love.George Jean Nathan Love demands infinitely less than friendship.Paul Valery It would be impossible to love anyone or anything one knew completely. Love is directed towards what lies hidden in its object.Friedrich Nietzsche It is not a lack of love, but a lack of friendship that makes unhappy marriages.Fr. Jerome Cummings A friend is one who knows us, but loves us anyway.Sarah McLachlan My love, you know you are my best friend.You know that Id do anything for youAnd my love, let nothing come between us.My love for you is strong and true.Margaret Guenther We all need friends with whom we can speak of our deepest concerns, and who do not fear to speak the truth in love to us.Andre Pevost Platonic love is like an inactive volcano.Ella Wheeler Wilcox All love that has not friendship for its base is like a mansion built upon the sand.E . Joseph Crossmann Love is friendship set to music.br/>Hannah Arendt Love, in distinction from friendship, is killed, or rather extinguished, the moment it is displayed in public.Francois Mauriac No love, no friendship, can cross the path of our destiny without leaving some mark on it forever.Agnes Repplier We cannot really love anybody with whom we never laugh.

Children Are The Future Of The World - 1238 Words

In today’s society, children encounter many different troubles, and they struggle with things than most people actually don’t notice, but who does a person refer to when they suspect something is troubling a child? Whose responsibility is it to help the child whenever there is a problem in need of addressing, and how would they go about solving the problem? Sometimes it can be a challenging task to figure out what can be troubling a child. Because children in modern society are exposed to and involved with so much more than past generations, it makes it difficult for adults to connect and understand what the children go through because they don’t experience the same things that the child does on a daily basis. The youth today are the future of the world, which makes it a major priority for them to be provided with basic needs for living and also for them to be mentally and physically healthy, as well as keeping them happy during the time of their life where th ey should have very little responsibility and live carefree. Many children have a hard time when dealing with things troubling them and a harder time talking to someone about those things that are causing troubles with them. School Social Work deals with children and their families throughout the course of adolescent education. Children in today’s society experience many troubles that can go unnoticed a majority of the time. Fortunately, when a child is showing strong signs of a problem, there are school socialShow MoreRelatedChildren Are The Future Of The World Essay1833 Words   |  8 Pages Children are the future of the world. They are going to be the leaders of tomorrow and are going to make choices that will directly affect our generation. Children are pliable, so it s up to us to mold them well and send them in the right direction. However, who specifically is going to mold these children? At six to eight hours a day, five days a week, teachers are positioned to become one of the most influential people in a child’s life. After their parents, children will first learn from theirRead MoreChildren Are The Future Of Our World895 Words   |  4 PagesI consider and know that children are the future of our world; we have to know how to teach and educate them adequately so they could be prepared to lead future generations. I consider that each child has its own way of learning; there are multiple ways in which a person could be intelligent and capable of completing tasks. I want to be able to help children with everything they need. I want to motivate them to do a nd be the best in every task and area, everything that they dream and think aboutRead MoreChildren Of The World Are Our Future Essay2317 Words   |  10 PagesBrooke Graham The children of the world are our future. Children make up about 26% of the worlds population (â€Å"Population ages of 0-14,† n.d.). The children may not make up an over powering section of our population, but they are the individuals that are going to be creating the future of this world. Plenty of laws are in place to protect human rights, including those of children. Just because laws are in place does not mean that they are followed, and those that violate them pay the price. ThoseRead MoreChildren Should Not Too Distant Future The World Could Become Like The Movie Gattaca856 Words   |  4 PagesIn the not too distant future the world could become like the movie Gattaca. Humans are genetically engineered before birth by their parents, which mean that parents select which attributes they want for their child. In the real world this babies will be called â€Å"designer babies† because parents will have the choice to decide features for their children. I believe tha t parents should not be allowed to genetically enhance their babies because of potential abuse and genetic discrimination. However,Read MoreThe Options Between Kindness And Intelligence Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesintelligence in children, one would see that there are many benefits and drawbacks to either option. One can see that there is happiness within the kind child and assumes that their life would be easier than that of the intelligent child, though logic dictates that the intelligent child would experience more benefits than that of the kind child. Even though stress can weaken the body and make it easier for a disease to be established, intelligent children have more benefits than kind children because socialRead MoreChild Labour And Child Labor1600 Words   |  7 PagesIssues There are children that suffer through child labor daily. Child labor is the use of children in a business or industry, usually illegal. â€Å"3 billion people around the world survive on $2.50 a day or less. And 2 billion people do not hold a bank account or have access to essential financial services† (â€Å"Living in Poverty†1). Children that are normally in labor come from a poor family that’s in need of money so badly that it comes down to selling their own children or putting them up forRead MoreIts Time To End Childhood Poverty Essay617 Words   |  3 PagesI am deeply concerned with the issue of childhood poverty. It is truly a growing problem in the world, and after doing some research, I have realized exactly how severe the situation is. I initially got interested in this issue after participating in a â€Å"Habitat for Humanity† trip to an extremely impoverished part of Birmingham, Alabama. Seeing as how people didn’t have proper sh elter, transportation, or food made me very worried, and since then, I have wanted to spread the word and bring people toRead MoreThe Hunger Of World Hunger1261 Words   |  6 Pagesenough food for everyone. Now the world produces enough food for every single human being on this planet of about 2700 calorie diet a day, which is more than enough for average people. But it’s kind of ironic world hunger still exist and is the leading cause of deaths per year. According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that about 805 million people of the 7.3 billion people in the world were suffering from chronic undernourishment. World hunger doesn’t just kill peopleRead MoreEssay on The Children Are Our Future1199 Words   |  5 PagesMarie hoover Prof. orgier ENG ‎4/‎23/‎2012 The Children Are Our Future What the world needs now is for the parents of todays children to step up and teach their children to be respectful, caring, and compassionate children, which will one day turn into adults. One of the problems is the laws on child abuse and the way children are raised today, compared the way children are raised today to thirty years ago or even before that, is not the same. Kids todayRead MoreFailing Expectations On Future Generations960 Words   |  4 PagesExpectations on Future Generations Is every relationship perfect? Eric Swanson asked individuals about their marriage and their responses were surprising. â€Å"Amazingly, and consistently nearly 97 percent of married couples answer, â€Å"very happy† or â€Å"pretty happy†¦ A mere 3-4 percent today would say they are â€Å"not too happy† (Swanson). True love is supposed to last a lifetime, but for the three percent remaining of unhappy couples results in divorce. Divorce is a negative decision because children develop stress

Describe the Learning Organization Utilizing Free Essays

According to Pedler, Burgoyne, Boydell (1991) a learning organization is defined as a company that facilitates the learning of its members and continuously transforms itself . With that definition, certain characteristics must be evident in the organization. Learning organizations are adaptive to their surroundings, encourage collective and individual learning, constructively utilizes feedback to achieve better results, and has enhanced adaptability (Fargo Skyrme, 1995). We will write a custom essay sample on Describe the Learning Organization Utilizing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Applying the brain metaphor to organizations, allows us to see how companies operate and how knowledge is shared and disbursed. This metaphor also demonstrates how this knowledge network is critical to the flow of information. Social networking is a key component in the way learning organizations grow and function in today’s budget conscious environment. Roughly 50% of corporate performance is attributed to responding to change and complexity intelligently (Halal, 1997). A learning organization is more than the sum of all knowledge from individual members because all information is not accessed equally. All information that is stored or processed by members is only accessed when needed. A learning organization involves the development of higher levels of knowledge and skill and encompasses four levels of learning. This goes from the learning basic facts, processes and procedures (level 1); learning transferrable jobs skills (level 2); learning to adapt (level 3); and learning to learn which corresponds to innovation and creativity (level 4 ) (Fargo Skyrme, 1995). The last two levels are the types of learning that is preferred in learning organizations. Smaller networks being only partially connected increases the possibilities of a learning organization by leading to better utilization of internal and external knowledge . An organization’s real edge comes from having complex, content sensitive knowledge. This core knowledge is found in individual, communities of interest and their connections (Krebs, 1998). Due to the wide use of social networks, employees are raising the bar for company learning systems. With the ease of use and familiarity of the common social networking applications available i. e. MySpace, facebook, blogger, they have something to compare it to. They expect it to be at that level or better. Social networks such as twitter and facebook are allowing people to connect with each other very readily. Applications are becoming simple and easy to understand. With this is mind it is easier to locate information which is a huge benefit and part of how a learning organization functions. Information must be accessible when it is needed by whomever. Bottom line if the apps are complex and difficult to utilize, people will not use them. In learning organizations social media can serve four purposes: easy contact, information dissemination, rating and tagging, and expert advice. First, most social networking sites allow easy accessibility to information with their search functions. Second, employees are able to provide suggestions and disseminate information rapidly. Third, information can be rated and tagged for future reference. Lastly, experts are able to share expertise in their field to a large forum (Bersin, 2008). This customer specific is very narrow in its scope and limits the number of personnel who would look for this type of information. This narrow audience makes it have much more impact. This is basically what a learning organization needs, smaller networks connected to other smaller networks. Everyone is not going to be connected to everyone. This would not be logical or how an organization functions. People are going to connect with people who have the information they require. Just like a brain, all the neurons and synapses don’t all fire off when you listen to music or read a book. Different areas are responsible for those functions and are stimulated as needed. When there are abnormalities in the brain problems can result in people’s behavior i. . Tourette’s syndrome. According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke current research points to abnormalities in certain brain regions (including the basal ganglia, frontal lobes, and cortex), the circuits that interconnect these regions, and the neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine) responsible for communication among nerve cells (â€Å"Tourette Synd rome Fact Sheet,† NINDS,2005). Smaller networks that are partially connected to each other are more functional in a learning organization. Otherwise there would be too much information to process and nothing would get accomplished. Social networking helps employees connect and share information and by doing this they are better able to utilize corporate resources. Employees who are central in key networks learn faster, perform better and are more committed to the organization. It has been shown that both individuals and groups are in the midst of organizational network who are not overwhelmed by direct ties are the most effective (Krebs, 1998). Hierarchy structure plays a huge role in the way learning organization functions. Learning organizations have flat decentralized organizational structures. This interconnected network of networks facilitates the dissemination of information across organizational boundaries; a dramatic change from bureaucratic way of doing things. With today’s advancement of information technology, flat organizations are able to use employee knowledge to solve operating problems more directly and quickly (Halal, 1997). Employee knowledge plays a great advantage in the corporate environment. In 1997, this knowledge accounted for 80% of all corporate assets. Yet despite this fact only 20% of this resource is used. (Halal, 1997). Advances in communications and technology have given rise to network organizations. A network organization breaks down the hierarchical organizational chart (boxes) to one level and then connects each box to every other box. When decision making and operations are decentralized this allows initiative and autonomy to flourish (Friel, 2002). I don’t see any potential downside to using social media in a corporate environment. I think that social media can help facilitate earning by allowing users to connect with each other by using forums where they can share information, opinions and expertise. This is exactly what we are doing here at TUIU. Through these online courses we are connecting with other students and the professors via the threaded discussions and the water cooler. We leave comments and then someone responds to what we wrote. His is a cyclical process, it goes back and forth. In the end we all learn from each other in the process. To me each course would be a small network and we are connected to the larger organization (TUIU) via our professors. Although there are many courses in session the only one that is of interest to me is the one I’m currently in. It wouldn’t make much sense to participate in threaded discussions in Business Ethics 501. There is no need to do so. Being that TUIU is a widely distributed and has a narrowed scope and audience makes a powerful impact on how information is processed. Using the brain metaphor has added a great deal to how companies operate in regards to networking, people and how thing get accomplished. Information sharing is a big component in how learning organization performs. Each part does its own thing, but when information is needed it is readily available. The brain is very specific, time and energy is not wasted. Only those paths that are needed are activated which saves money. Machines are geared toward precision, organisms are self regulating, and brains are centered on connectivity. References http://karlalbrecht.com/downloads/OI-WhitePaper-Albrecht.pdf http://www.espen.com/papers/orgbrain.htm http://www.skyrme.com/insights/3lrnorg.htm http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~rxv/kmoi/orgint.htm How to cite Describe the Learning Organization Utilizing, Essay examples

The Difference Between Civil Law and Criminal Law free essay sample

The Difference Between Civil Law and Criminal Law When is a legal problem criminal and when is it civil? What difference does it make whether it is criminal or civil? One way of looking at criminal law is that it is dealing with something of public interest. For example, the public has an interest in seeing that people are protected from being robbed or assaulted. These are legal problems that fall into the criminal law. Criminal law involves punishing and rehabilitating offenders, and protecting society. Since the public has an interest in having criminal law, we give the government the power to put it in place and enforce it. The police and Crown Prosecutors are hired by the government to put the criminal law into effect. Public funds are used to pay for these services. If you are the victim of a crime, you report it to the police and they have the responsibility to investigate. We will write a custom essay sample on The Difference Between Civil Law and Criminal Law or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They arrest and charge the suspect. In most cases, if a charge has been properly laid and if there is evidence supporting it, the Crown Prosecutor, not the person who complains of the incident, prosecutes it in the courts. This is called a system of public prosecutions. Long ago the person who had been wronged prosecuted the case. The power to prosecute privately remains, but is used rarely now. Even if a person starts a prosecution privately, the Attorney General has the power to take over the prosecution of the case. As a victim, you do not have to be responsible for enforcing the law. The police and Crown Prosecutor do their jobs for the public at large, not for you personally. In a criminal case, the Crown prosecutor must prove the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. This means that at the end of a trial the judge or jury can only find the defendant guilty if they are left without a reasonable doubt about the defendant’s guilt. In other words, there is no logical or rational reason to doubt the defendant’s guilt. This is not the case in civil law. Civil law is about private disputes etween individuals or between individuals and organizations. Civil matters include areas such as contract law, family law, tort law, property law and labour law. The person suing for a wrong has the burden of proving their case on a balance of probabilities. This means that a judge or jury must believe their story and evidence more than the defendant’s version. They do not need to be convinced beyond a reasonable doubt. Civil disputes usually inv olve some harm, loss or injury to one party or their property. Unlike criminal law; however, civil law is primarily involved with compensating victims. If a civil action is successful, the defendant will be responsible for the wrongful action. While a defendant in a criminal case may be found guilty or not guilty, a defendant in a civil case is said to be liable or not liable for damages. If you have a civil law problem, you have to take action yourself if you want to get a legal remedy. You can hire a private lawyer, and you will have to pay the expenses of pursuing the matter. For example, if you hire someone to paint your house and they do a poor job, it is a dispute between you and the painter. The police do not get involved. If you want to sue the painter for breach of contract, it is your responsibility to do so. Sometimes criminal law is referred to as part of our public law because it applies to all Canadians and regulates relationships within our society. Similarly, civil law is sometimes referred to as private law because it regulates private relationships between individuals in our society.

Some Challenges of Effective Communication Essay Sample free essay sample

Harmonizing to Jim Leininger in his article. employees express deeper degrees of employee committedness and are likely to be more satisfied with their leading if their companies have strong communicating plans. But effectual communicating is confronting more and more challenges in a cultural diverse and coevals diverse environment in China. First of all. linguistic communication is one of barriers in a transnational company. Even there is normally one working linguistic communication in transnational companies. like English. Peoples are greatly affected by their female parent linguistic communication and can’t comprehend their squad members who come from different states wholly sometimes. Second. Peoples from different civilizations normally have different thought and mentality. The cultural differences frequently cause misconstruing and statements that lead failure in communicating. So. working linguistic communication accomplishments and larning different civilizations is really of import for employees in civilization diverse companies. And companies normally give some basic preparation about this for new employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Some Challenges of Effective Communication Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Communication between different coevalss attracts more attending with the post-80 and post-90 come ining occupation market. Comparing the seniors. post-80 and post-90 coevals were raised in an environment with more freedom. chance. diverseness and wealth. they are believed to keep a really different attitude towards life and work. New coevals have wider. more diverse cognition because they grew up in the Internet age. and they are possibly cherished resource for invention. So. the post-80 and post-90 and the seniors should seek to cognize and digest the differences between them and happen the good manner of communicating. Besides communicating among people. effectual communicating in a company includes â€Å"employees understand their company’s ends. their ain occupation. and the nexus between occupation and the customer† . That means company should hold a complete communicating system and good acknowledged concern civilization.

Grit and Gritty

Grit and Gritty Grit and Gritty Grit and Gritty By Maeve Maddox The word grit has been in the language since Old English times. It derives from a verb meaning to crush or to grind. Both the noun and the adjective have literal and figurative uses. Ill give the literal definitions first. grit noun: Minute particles of stone or sand, as produced by attrition or disintegration. gritty adjective: Containing, consisting of, or full of grit; sandy. As a verb, grit has the following meanings: to emit a grinding sound to spread or cover with grit to cause the teeth to grind or grate Note: Speakers agreeing to something against their will are said to speak through gritted teeth. Grit has industrial uses. Sandpaper is graded according to grit ranging from coarse to fine. Grit can be added to a final sealer coat to increase the coefficient of friction. Some kinds of grit are fed to caged birds as an aid to digestion. Unwanted grit is another matter:   I noticed yesterday at lunchtime that I had a piece of grit in my eye under the lid. We live in the desert and our  bread  contains a lot of  grit. Walking barefoot on hot or  gritty  surfaces for extended periods can cause foot blisters.    The figurative use of grit to mean, firmness or solidity of character, originated as nineteenth-century US slang. The novel True Grit takes its title from this sense of the word. In the movie, Colonel Stonehill asks Mattie Ross why she chose Rooster Cogburn to help her find her fathers killer:   Col. Stonehill: Do you entertain plans of ever leaving this city? Mattie Ross: Yes, Im off early tomorrow morning for the Indian nation. Marshal Rooster Cogburn and I are going after the murderer, Tom Chaney. Col. Stonehill: Cogburn. How did you light on that greasy vagabond? Mattie Ross: They say he has grit. I wanted a man with grit.    The most common figurative meaning of gritty is, harsh; bleak; unsparingly realistic:   Before Sam Spade, Hammett earned fame for his gritty detective fiction featuring the Continental Op, a nameless private detective in San Francisco. Some video games have been portrayed in a  film noir  style, using heavy,  gritty, dirty urban themes. It [the Hudson Yards area] was once a gritty stretch of Manhattan known for rail yards, warehouses and aging industrial buildings, so desolate it was dubbed The Wild, Wild West.    Thanks to a book by educational researcher Angela Duckworth, grit has become a buzzword in the education establishment. In her book, titled Grit, the word is defined as the quality that enables individuals to work hard and stick to their long-term passions and goals. Courses and techniques are being developed to teach grit. In this context, the adjective gritty is used to mean, having grit. When I was a child, grown-ups referred to such qualities with words like character and gumption, defined as follows: character noun: The sum of the moral and mental qualities which distinguish an individual. gumption noun: initiative, resolution, and effort. In those days, teaching grit at school would have been seen as ridiculous. Children with parents like the ones in my extended family had a start on grit before they ever got to school. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in SIn Search of a 4-Dot Ellipsis25 Favorite Portmanteau Words

Astrology Really Works Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Astrology Really Works - Essay Example This correlation does not provide any prove of causality, but for most astrologers, the information available is good enough. Astrology has several things that it is able to perform better than just random guessing. Astrology’s case is that it is amid the many enduring beliefs held as true by human. It joins us with the universe and the entirety of things, offers a fundamental way of describing ourselves and, it applies a variety of techniques (Dean). Practically an affectionate and compassionate astrologer offers a low priced and non threatening treatment that is otherwise difficult to obtain. The astrologer offers emotional condolence, spiritual back up, and entertaining agenda to arouse self-evaluation. New ideas always emerge which could elicit spiritual cognisance. In an inhumane society, an astrologer gives individualized support at particularly low costs, which cannot be offered by any other practitioner, or by random guessing. There exists logical support for the claim that astrology works better than random guessing. This can be better explained by the Magi breakthrough which is comprised of tossing out all the data of birth apart from the date as well as tossing out every chart factor apart from the interplanetary aspects, analogs and contra-analog (Dean). An analog or contra-analog exists when two planets possess similar or opposite declination. Astrologers who advocate that birth moments are essential and that just the entire chart can be used may be compromised. Declination happens to be the new dimension, although it has been applied by several astrologers. The justifications available for this enormous leap are informative. Birth times cannot be used since even the birth certificates with the exact time tend to be wrong. Declinations are the ones which can be used since it is not possible to interpret fully birth charts in their absence. Astrology critics can weaken the claim that it certainly produces dependable information. The critics c laim that astrology is untrue (Dean). They claim that it has not added to human cognition and that it claims the reputation of science but does not employ the scientific methods. They criticize that it has been unsuccessful in many tests, that it does not offer benefits above those generated by factors that are non-astrological and that users usually disagree on fundamentals like those used by zodiac. It is clear through several evidences that astrology is quite accurate in ascertaining an individual’s personality and in overseeing his or her experiences to a given standard. This level of accuracy, however, is determined by the experience of the astrologer involved. There exist theories that provide prove that astrology works. These theories include the solar wind, the cosmic pattern and the spiritual theories that are based on Karma. It is necessary to note that these theories do not collide with each other and instead they are only separate interpretations on the way astrol ogy works. The solar wind is an energy particles stream from the sun’s corona. Those events that occur in the sun do affect the earth, because we are in the earth’s magnetic field.  

Divorce and Its Effects on Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Divorce and Its Effects on Children - Essay Example Moreover, the divorced group report given that extra emotional and active caregiving and experiencing additional unfairness in their families of origin than did the non-divorced group, though the result for emotional caregiving was reasonable by temporal perspective (Carlile, C. 2001, 232-234). Furthermore, proof that difficult form of parentification in children of divorce carry on into late adolescence and young adulthood has insinuation for models of sympathetic and serving these children and their families. A rising number of researchers have turned their concentration to the dynamics of post-divorce families. In one of the initial studies in this region, many experts discovered that parent/child associations in divorced single-parent households are frequently collaterally rather than hierarchically prearranged (Crosbie-Burnett, M., 2000, 286-293). The children suppose a "junior partner" role. Though this role come into view to foster sovereignty and adulthood in the older children, predominantly if their earlier developmental wants had been met, it be inclined to suffering lots of the younger children in the sample. If we analyzed then we come to know that longitudinal observations of dissimilar groups of divorced families, experts afterward shed additional light on the developmental risks of the postdivorce family infrastructure. According to expert analysis that as a result of disrupted and reducing parenting occasioned by marital ending, lots of children are "overburdened" for years by such farm duties as attending to the psychological desires of the parents or the family as a whole. The chronological constancy of parentification linked with matrimonial conflict and stop working has also not been examined. Moreover, in light of clinical surveillance that the parentification procedure in divorced families make bigger well into adolescence, it is credible that unhelpful parentification, chiefly of an emotional genre, continues to typify the family relations of older children of divorce (Davies, P. T., 2002, 124-139). No doubt, questions regarding the ethicality and importance of parentification in divorced families were scrutinize in this study as part of a better exploration of this process in couple associations. Particularly, perceptions of the degree and fairness of past and nearby caregiving of late adolescent and young adult children of divorce were compared to those of a nondivorced group. In addition to the effect of divorce, sex dissimilarity were discovered. further potentially confounding variables were statistically controlled. The frequencies of dissimilar forms of unhelpful parentification in the divorced and non-divorced groups were also contrast. Method Participants To obtain results one-hundred-and-ninety-one psychology undergraduates at great public urban universities were recruited to contribute in a study on couple and family dealings. All participants were necessary to be in an association of at least 6-months duration. Their partners, 26.44% of whom did not be present at college, were also employing bringing the total N to 382.Moreover, to evaluate questions pertaining to the association of parentification to parental divorce, participants whose parents moreover divorced earlier than middle adolescence (14 years of age) or never divorced were chosen from

Legal Skills Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Legal Skills - Case Study Example He admitted that he knew that it contained prohibited drugs either heroin or cannabis. Analysis showed that the material in the suitcase was not a prohibited drug but vegetable matter akin snuff. He appealed on the ground that because the substance was not a prohibited drug he had not done an act which was not more then merely preparatory 2 to the commission of the offence as required by the Criminal Attempts Act 1981. The Court of Appeal dismissed his appeal. The appellant, on a visit to India, was approached by a man named Desai, who offered to pay him 1000 if, on his return to England, he would receive a suitcase which a courier would deliver to him containing packages of drugs which the appellant was then to distribute according to instructions he would receive. The suitcase was duly delivered to him in Cambridge. Acting on instructions, the appellant went to Southall station to deliver a package of drugs to a third party 3. Outside the station, he and the man he had met by appointment were arrested. A package containing a powdered substance was found in the appellant's shoulder bag. He produced to customs officers the suitcase from which the lining had been ripped out 4 and the remaining packages of the same powdered substance. In answer to questions by customs officers and in a long written statement the appellant made what amounted to a full confession of having played... The appellant believed the drugs to be either heroin or cannabis. In due course, the powdered substance in the several packages was scientifically analysed and found not to be a controlled drug but snuff or some similar harmless vegetable matter. The applicant was convicted under the Criminal Attempts Act 1981 s 1(1) of attempting to commit the offence of being of Knowingly concerned the dealing with and harbouring prohibited drugs s 170 (1) (b) of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979. Section 1(1) of the Criminal Attempt Act 1981 provides that a person is guilty of attempting to commit an offence if, with intent to commit the offence, he does an act which is more than merely preparatory 5 to the commission of the offence. The prosecution must prove that the defendants did what they did knowingly and it must be proved that they knew the goods were prohibited goods and had been imported into the United Kingdom. There is evidence to consider in this case that Mr. Shivpuri particularly knew the nature of the substance. The House of Lords, looking at the case law and legislative history, concluded that Parliament intended that the only means rea necessary for an offence under Criminal Attempts Act 1981 s 1(1) and the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979, should be knowledge that the goods were subject to a prohibition on importation. If there are four offences, the means rea is the same for each. In this case, D would be guilty of the life offence, although the offence he believed he has committing was punishable with only 5 years. He would be attempt to commit the five years 5) Mens rea of the offence, offence, because that is the offence he intents to commit. These results

Compromise Of 1877 Frederick Douglass History Essay

Compromise Of 1877 Frederick Douglass History Essay Frederick Douglass was one of the most well-known fiery orators and his famous speeches, including The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro, were published in many different abolitionist newspapers. On July 5, 1852, Douglass was invited to present a speech about the importance of the Fourth of July for Americas black people. In his speech, Douglass condemned the attitude of the American population toward slavery. In fact, Douglass was very radicalized by the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law in 1850. This law allowed the search and arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery had been abolished. In addition, the law obliges the population of all states to actively participate in the capture of fugitive slaves, and the severe punishment for the slaves, those who harbor them, and those who have not contributed to the capture of a slave. That is why, Douglass became radicalized by the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law in 1850 and stated that these events were very cruel in American history. Reconstruction was a period in the U.S. history after the Civil War, from 1865 to 1877 years. In the U.S. history, reconstruction involve, firstly, a historical period following the Civil War between the North and the South, and, secondly, the transformation of the South in the period from about 1865-1866 to 1877 during the restructuring of the government and society in the former Confederacy. Three adopted amendments to the Constitution have affected the whole country. In various southern states, reconstruction began and ended at different times, in the end, the completion of this process is generally considered to be a compromise of 1877. Reconstruction policy was implemented after the fact when the slaveholding South found itself completely at the mercy of the Federal Army. President Abraham Lincoln during the war created the Reconstruction government in several Southern states Tennessee, Arkansas and Louisiana, and gave the land to former slaves in South Carolina. After Lincolns assassination, President Andrew Johnson tried to follow the policies of his predecessor and appointed new governors in the summer of 1865. Soon, he said that the objectives of the war the national unity and the elimination of slavery have been achieved and, therefore, the reconstruction was complete. All in all, it is possible to conclude that despite a lot of abuse and the fact that Reconstruction did not go swimmingly, all the goals were achieved in a proper way and it completed the separation between the North and South. Thus, Reconstruction can be considered to be a success. The movie Glory is based a true story that tells about the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer, which took place during the Civil War. The 54th Regiment was the first unit of the U.S. Army composed entirely of blacks (except for officers). The regiment was formed in 1862 and headed by young Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, who believed that former slaves could also be good soldiers. Colonel Shaw will have to deal with racial prejudice of his enemies and friends, the officers, who began to despise him for his choice. The major differences existed among the black soldiers of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry were the fact that the regiment included not only the free blacks, but also the escaped ones who together struggled for their freedom rights. Additionally, they both were from different regions of origin and had different educational backgrounds. However, despite discrimination during the Civil War, blacks could prove that they were good soldiers willing to struggle to the death for their rights. The Emancipation of Proclamation was a document that consisted of two orders of Abraham Lincoln issued during the Civil War. The first decree issued on September 22, 1862, declared free all slaves in any state of the CSA. The second decree issued on January 1, 1863, named the 10 individual states to be covered by the abolition of slavery. At the beginning, the Emancipation of Proclamation was criticized because it emancipated slaves only in the areas where the United States of America had no power. However, the Proclamation brought freedom to thousands of slaves in the day when it entered into force, and in nine of the ten states in which it was applied (Texas was the only exception). In such a case, it is possible to say that the Emancipation of Proclamation was an act of justice, which brought freedom to black slaves and strived to abolish slavery. From the beginning of the Civil War, blacks in the North have made persistent attempts to win the right to serve in the federal army and to defend their freedom. F. Douglas during the Civil War tirelessly explained that the key political issue is the destruction of slavery and insisted on the admission of blacks in the Union Army. However, until the middle of 1862 the government refused them in this. Only under the influence of military setbacks and the growing pressure from the masses, it was decided to call blacks in the Union Army. Before the Civil War, blacks were recruited into the navy, but only in non-combatant positions without the right to bear arms. Thus, nearly two years of war blacks were not allowed to join the army, and only the number of serious injuries has forced Republicans to accept blacks into the Army. Compulsory recruitment of blacks into the army was resolved only by the law of 24 February 1864, that is, in the final year of the war. Blacks fought with unparalleled courage and played a huge role in the victory of the North. Hence, it is possible to draw a conclusion that blacks during the civil war showed many examples of heroism and resourcefulness and had a great impact on the outcome of the Civil War.

Garden for the Blind :: Architecture Design Essays

Garden for the Blind If I were to sum up what I want to do with this garden in one word, it would be â€Å"awakening;† awakening of the senses other than that of sight. These senses include sense of smell, sense of touch, sense of taste, sense of sound, and also the kinesthetic sense (one’s place in space). The garden will allow for complete awareness of one’s surroundings and the plants present in the garden, although sight will not be used. The journey through the garden should be an enjoyable experience for those who want to emerge themselves in a world unlike the very physical one we live in to day. I find the concept of designing a garden for the blind to be very interesting. I began researching for the garden by viewing the website for the Dans le Noir restaurant in Paris, France. The room where one eats is in complete darkness and blinded staff members and waiters guide the restaurant goers throughout the restaurant. I want to do something similar to this in my garden in that there should be some people there to assist the blind as they walk through the garden if they would like assistance. However, the garden will not be in complete darkness. There will be light so that the blind can feel as if they are walking through a regular garden during the day and feel the sun and lights on them, but also for anyone else who would like to view the garden regularly or blindfolded. I want the garden to be able to be viewed in various ways by anyone who would like to do so. While researching for the garden, I did not find the book by Richard Florida titled The Rise of the Creative Class to be too helpful, except that it made me appreciate the creative abilities that are needed to complete a project such as creating a Garden for the Blind. However, I did find Sensory Design by Joy Malnar and Frank Vodvarka to be very useful. In the book, I found an interesting passage that I hope will characterize my garden when it is finished and people get a chance to view it. The passage says that â€Å"Some great gardens unfold like narrative or a piece of music as we move through them and view their carefully choreographed wonders† (Malnar and Vodvarka). I hope that the smell of the flowers and the touch of the plants will allow those who experience it to feel this type of enjoyment as they go through the garden.

Government business relations paper Essay

Government regulation has always been an important part of business as â€Å"regulations are essential for the proper functioning of society and the economy† (Ingram , n.d). A business is designed to generate revenue for its employees, employers and shareholders (Chindamo, Pg. 4-9, 2011). In a bid to keep increasing revenue, businesses throughout history have conducted trade using dubious, unsafe, and exploitive methods. In a bid to stem companies conducting business in an unsafe and unethical manner, the government has employed several methods to regulate this issue (Ingram, n.d). Business regulation has been highly debated in the past as there both advantages and disadvantages, but the benefits of business regulation greatly out way its costs. (Ingram, n.d) The government uses diverse methods of regulation, which include advertising, environmental protection and privacy. (Holt, n.d) The government regulates businesses in the advertising of products and services. (Holt, n.d) Laws exist by fair trading to protect consumers and keep businesses truthful about products and services. (Holt, n.d) A good example of when a business advertised falsely was in 1990 when a government investigation of GNB Australia Ltd, Pacific Dunlop secondary had falsely mislead the public through advertising that their batteries were made in Australia, when actually their batteries came from Asia and New Zealand (Holt, n.d). Government intervention made GNB confess that they had been using inappropriate signs, brands and flyers (Holt, n.d). Pacific Dunlop gave actions in February 1991 that involved an obligation to improve its compliance advertising program during five years (mainly on marketing and advertising); remedial marketing; different marketing of batteries. (Tamblyn, pg.157, 1993) Businesses can often leave carbon footprints when operating. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates this aspect of business trading. (Holt M, n.d) They regulate laws about environmental protection through education and have done so when enforcing it through penalties to landlords in the state of Philadelphia America amounting to $14,850 and $5500 for not telling residents of lead-based paint within their properties. (Collins, 2008) These fines, proposed by the EPA on July 28, 1998, are part of the implementation of federal lead-based paint disclosure laws. (Collins, 2008) In Business practice, privacy is an ethical and potentially unlawful issue, private information is taken from workers and consumers when leasing and whilst business transactions are being conducted, privacy laws are another way governments regulate business to stop businesses from releasing this information at will. (Grossman, 2013) Information taken could be a social security number, address, name, information about health, debit card and bank numbers and private history (Holt, n.d). Many laws exist to stop businesses from releasing his information, and people can indict companies for misuse of their private information (Holt, n.d). Those laws in place are another way why governments should regulate business. (Holt, n.d) Without government regulation of the key areas of business such as advertising and marketing, companies could take unfair advantage of consumers. The environmental pollution issues which are an ethical issue would have had no stand point if not for government regulation. Privacy would also be violated which is unfair to the consumer and also an ethical issue, which must be addressed in all forms of business. Hence, government regulation of business is needed to keep trade fair and balanced for the good of the economy. References Chindamo P, (2011), ‘national CEO survey: Business Regulation’, Australian Industry Groupm, Pg. 4-9, http://www.aigroup.com.au/portal/binary/com.epicentric.contentmanagement.servlet.ContentDeliveryServlet/LIVE_CONTENT/Publications/Reports/2011/10259_ceo_survey_web.pdf Collins M. 26/03/08 â€Å"United States Environmental Protection Agency Proposes Large Fines For Residential Property Owners Who Violate Lead-Paint Disclosure Regulation† Viewed 18th February 2013 http://corporate.findlaw.com/business-operations/united-states-environmental-protection-agency-proposes-large.html) Grossman RJ. 2013. â€Å"No Federal Regulatory Relief in Sight.† HR Magazine Vol 58 (issue. 2), pg 24-2 Holt M, n.d, Five Areas of Government Regulation of Business, Viewed 18th February 2013, http://smallbusiness.chron.com/five-areas-government-regulation-business-701.html Ingram D, n.d, Government Regulation Factors in Business, Viewed 18th February 2013, http://smallbusiness.chron.com/government-regulation-factors-business-2966.html James G, 25/10/13. â€Å"Government regulation is good for business†, Viewed 29th February 2013, http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505183_162-28552608-10391735/government-regulation-is-good-for-business/ Tamblyn J et al CH 11, Pg. 157, ‘Progress Towards a More Responsive Trade Practices Strategy’, Date published: 1993 (Australian Institute of Criminology), Viewed 29th February 2013, http://www.anu.edu.au/fellows/jbraithwaite/_documents/Manuscripts/businessreg.pdf)

Using Balanced Scorecard in ENOC

Using Balanced Scorecard in ENOC Introduction First developed by Robert Kaplan and David Norton at Harvard University, the Balanced Scorecard BSC approach has become a major method for corporations to improve their performance, with studies indicating that more than 66% of the companies that implemented the approach realized a significant increase in profitability (Kaplan Norton, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Using Balanced Scorecard in ENOC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, a number of local governments, military and national civil organizations have been using a BSC approach to improve their performances. In the UAE, Emirates National Oil Company (ENOC) is one of the best examples of corporations that are applying the BSC to set its goals and achieve the desired objectives. The company has rolled out several programs to apply BSC in line with its goals and objectives with an aim of promoting human capital development by focu sing on the young UAE nationals with their careers for the better future. The company started adopting the concept of BSC in 2009 on a number of levels, with about 35 scorecards implemented in all business units. According to analysts, the company has attained some impressive milestones with BSC. For instance, customer satisfaction, enhancing efficiency in operations and promoting Emiratization is some of the significant outcomes of the approach. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the outcomes of using BSC need be studied every year to determine the progress. There is a need for additional studies show how the company has achieved the desired goals using the BSC. The results of the study are applicable not only in academics, but also in management and policy making in order to provide analysts, policy makers and corporate leaders utilize the information to enhance the quality of their professional decisions. Aims and objectives The purpose of this study is to develop a c omprehensive analysis of BSC application and use at ENOC. The research uses a qualitative approach to describe the level of outcomes of BSC at the company since the approach was adopted in 2009. The research aims to interview some professionals and executive individuals at the company in order to determine the level of BSC as well as the outcomes of the approach.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Key Research questions What strategies has ENOC employed in applying and using BSC? What are the corporate expectations of using the BSC At what levels are BSC approach applied at ENOC? What are the outcomes of using ENOC in terms of corporate performance? Review of literature Although it is a recent approach, balanced scorecard has become popular with most organizational leaders in the modern context. By definition, the BSC is a methodological tool composed of a set of b oth financial and non-financial measures regarding to the success factors of a given company or organization (Kaplan Norton, 2011). It reflects that need for strong and effective organizational activities used to create value. Since its development, BSC has widely been studied from a practical perspective where case studies are used to examine its effectiveness as well as differences in corporate performance between the organizations that adopt and those that fail to adopt the concepts of BSC (Akkermans von Oorschot, 2002). In addition, it has been studied by examining the differences in performance or outcomes between the departments that adopt and those that fail to adopt the concepts. From these studies, a number of observations have been made, most of which provide a clear indication that BSC is an important tool in measuring and enhancing performance in organizations. According to Ashurst and Doherty (2013), it has been shown that BSC ensures that strategic initiatives that f ollow best practices are cascaded throughout the entire organization, which helps in increasing creativity and other ideas that are not expected prior to the adoption of the concept. The author further indicates that BSC helps organizational leaders to overcome three foundational problems that cause challenges in the work of management- performance measurement, strategic implementation and rise of intangible assets. According to Kaplan and Norton (2010), the traditional methods of measuring financial performance fail to reflect critical aspects of the modern business environment and fails to encourage thinking on a long-term basis. Thus, BSC is set to deal with this problem. Secondly, it has been shown that intangible assets have the capacity to create more than 75% of the value that organizations achieve per given time (Kaplan Norton, 2010). With the traditional methods, it was not possible to measure and use these assets.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Using Balanced Scorecard in ENOC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, the concept of BSC is effective in providing the metrics required to measure and use these assets effectively (Abushaia Zainuddin, 2012). Moreover, BSC deals with the problem of successfully implementing strategies by working with vision, people and management of resources and barriers to development. In this context, BSC helps in measuring the strategy and the process of executing the strategy. It describes the strategy in s consistent manner throughout the company (Kaplan, Norton HorvÐ ±th, 2006). According to Inamdar, Kaplan and Bower (2012), BSC articulates how an organization creates value for its owners or shareholders by displaying the key priorities as well as relationships between the outcomes and the factors that enable performance. In other words, it displays the relationships between cause and effects in an organization in order to measure pe rformance and create value for the shareholders (Frost, 2012). Methodology Study design A qualitative study was developed to examine the effects of balanced scorecard BSC at ENOC. In this case, ENOC was used as a case study in order to examine how organizations adopt the concept of BSC and the benefits that come along with the idea. The idea was to interview leading corporate managers and leaders at the company in order to draw information from their experiences with the company and the concept of BSC used therein. Study sample The study focused on interviewing two managers at ENOC. The managers were chosen because they have been involved in the implementation and maintenance of the BSC concept since it was adopted in 2009. Secondly, six employees were interviewed to determine their perceptions and experience with the idea of BSC at their workplace. The idea is to determine the outcomes of the BSC concept at the workplaces. The inclusion criterion was to interview individuals who ha d been at the company for at least 5 years since 2009.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Data collection Interviews were used to collect information from the target corporate leaders and employees. Each interview took a maximum period of 15 minutes. Structured interview questions were used, with the interviewers playing the role of directing the mood of the discussion. Results Saeed Khoory, the CEO of ENOC, said that the company used the BSC to help it uphold the highest values across all the aspects of the organization. In addition, the CEO said that using BSC was aimed at promoting excellence across all the entities by focusing on continuous improvement and adopting BSC as one of the best international tools for management. He further notes that the tool is a gold standard against which benchmarking of the company’s growth goals id done. Salah Galadari, the director of business planning and performance management at the company, reported that adopting the BSC concept was aimed at streamlining the company’s strategic growth. The six employees reported tha t they were satisfied with the new methodology because it encouraged them to work for the good of the organization as well as personal development as an employee. It provides them with an opportunity to be part of the organization process. Conclusion From the interview, it was found that ENOC uses several initiatives to implement BSC. The idea of Emiratisation program is developed and implemented through five levels that are supported by BSC- Mahaweb, Tadreeb, Ajyaa, Imtiaz and Tatweer. They focus on developing behavioral, managerial, professional and leadership skills for the national workforce. The results indicate that BSC has huge benefits for the organization because it aids in aligning people, processes and resources towards enhancing production and performance. BSC has helped the company integrate employees, processes and customers in the vital focus on development and growth. Therefore, the company has attained some impressive milestones with BSC. For instance, customer sati sfaction, enhancing efficiency in operations and promoting Emiratization is some of the significant outcomes of the approach. The company uses balanced scorecard to articulate how it creates value for the government and the public by displaying some key priorities as well as relationships between the outcomes and the factors that enable performance. References Abushaia, J. A., Zainuddin, I. (2012). Performance measurement system design, competitive capability, and performance consequences – A conceptual like. International Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 3(11), 184-193. Akkermans, H., von Oorschot, K. (2002). Developing a Balanced Scorecard with System Dynamics. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 12(2), 349-352. Ashurst, C., Doherty, N. F. (2013). Towards the formulation of â€Å"a best practice† framework for benefits realization in IT projects. Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation, 6(3), 1-10 Frost, B. (2012). Measuring performan ce: Seven good reasons to use a scorecard. Performance perspective series, 3(2), 214-251. Inamdar, N., Kaplan, R. S., Bower, M. (2012). Applying the balanced scorecard in healthcare provider organizations. Journal of healthcare management/American College of Healthcare Executives, 47(3), 179-95. Kaplan, R. S., Norton, D. P. (2010). The balanced scorecard: translating strategy into action. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press. Kaplan, R. S., Norton, D. P. (2011). Transforming the balanced scorecard from performance measurement to strategic management. Accounting horizons, 15(1), 87-104. Kaplan, R. S., Norton, D. P., HorvÐ ±th, P. (2006). The balanced scorecard. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.

9 Tips from Writing a Query a Day How Seinfeld, Fleetwood Mac, and a Writer Inspired Me

9 Tips from Writing a Query a Day How Seinfeld, Fleetwood Mac, and a Writer Inspired Me As a freelance writer, I dislike when editors don’t respond to a query. That frustration hampers my marketing, deterring me from sending queries to major markets very often. My list of feature article ideas sat unused for a long time, longing for homes. Until now. Last month I stumbled onto a writer’s blog about making querying a numbers game where they suggested a class entitled â€Å"30 Queries in 30 Days.† That same day I read Jerry Seinfeld’s approach to productivity: Mark an x on the calendar every day you’ve finished your task, and never break the chain. (SEE: Mridu Khullar Relph mridukhullar.com/ecourse-30-days-30-queries ) Soon I was cranking up Fleetwood Mac’s song â€Å"The Chain† and establishing my calendar. As the band echoed â€Å"You must never break the chain,† I looked at February. Can I write 28 queries or submissions in 28 days? Did I need a class or should I just buckle down? I chose the latter. Here’s what I learned from writing a query a day for a month: Ideas breed more ideas. Ever just brainstormed? The same creativity applies with queries. I started February with a list of 28 ideas, but ended with 40. As I would work with one query, I would think of another idea. Build it, and they will come. Surprise! I heard back from some national markets. If they said no, they said why. They consider professional queries. I have a journalism degree, worked at a CBS affiliate in college, and wrote for a federal agency’s press office for a decade. As a freelancer, I’ve had articles and essays published in locals, regionals, trades, anthologies. With clips and a website, you build infrastructure - voila, your last paragraph of a good query. He’s just not that into you. When the editors don’t respond? Face the fact your idea is not for them. They know their readers better. Or they’ve run something similar. Follow-up, then target the next market and revise. Your email works! Whenever I didn’t get an answer from a sporadic query, I wondered if my email was working or was considered spam on the other end. However, once I regularly sent queries daily, using the premise it’s a numbers game, I got more responses. (Though most haven’t responded yet.) The early bird doesn’t always catch the worm. Because you’re rushing to tailor a query Your paid subscriptions to freelance newsletters are worth it. I checked MediaBistro, TOTAL FFW, ASJA, and Freelance Success archives. Checked Writer’s Digest/Writer’s Market and the magazines masthead to get a editorial contact or email formula. A little help from your friends. When I emailed a writer-friend because she had written for a magazine I was querying, she warned me of issues there. Be helpful with other writers, and they’ll reciprocate. You’ll experience â€Å"rejectance.† Another writer-friend coined this term about acceptance in a rejection. Some editors asked for more ideas from me. Another editor gave me the lowdown on recent changes there. Some explained exactly why they couldn’t use it. Helpful rejections = rejectance! What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger. I heard some no’s. I was also asked to give away an article for free (no). When a door is closed, open a window; re-work it for another market. A February rejection is a March submission; think follow-up opportunities. While I wish I could say I have 28 yesses in my inbox, I cannot. But as I await answers, I’ve beaten procrastination, released ideas, gained editorial contacts, generated leads, and felt productive marking an x on each day of my calendar. â€Å"Never break the chain†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or yada yada yada. Thanks, Jerry.

Summary of Recent Research 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary of Recent Research 8 - Assignment Example history, ulcer history, physical activities, the nutritional preventive measures and the psychosocial measures applied during their illness was collected. The findings indicated that preventive activities coupled with social support prevented the recurrence of the leg ulcer (Finlayson, Edwards & Courtney, 2011). Multiple regression models were applied, where the survival analysis technique was applied to elicit the relationship between the preventive activities and the social support offered, to the survival and non-recurrence of the leg ulcer in the individuals. This was followed by the application of the Cox proportional-hazards regression model, which evaluated the influence of preventive activities and the psychosocial factors on time lapse before the recurrence (Berger, Shuster & Roenn, 2006). The findings of the study is statistically significant, since they indicated the out of the 80 individuals who participated, 35 of them had an ulcer recurrence, with 22 of them being those who lacked adequate preventive practices and social support (Alexander & Matthews, 2010). Finlayson, K., Edwards, H. & Courtney, M. (2011) Relationships between preventive activities, psychosocial factors and recurrence of venous leg ulcers: a prospective study. Journal of Advanced Nursing 67(10),

Putting Man on the Moon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Putting Man on the Moon - Essay Example This paper tells that the news of man going to the moon came about during the Cold War. The Cold War was characterized by a fierce competition between the then Soviet Union and the United States to obtain superpower status and world dominance. The competition involved a show of strength and this invariably necessitated showing proof that one country had better and more destructive weapons and better technology than the other. It is therefore conceivable that the claims of putting a man on the moon were no more than a hoax to convince the world of technological superiority. Be that as it may, both the US and the Soviet Union claim to have accomplished this feat and no scientist stepped forward to state that man cannot land on the moon. Neither have scientists denied that man can orbit in space. Moreover, there is no evidence that the media stories depicting a man on the moon were manufactured. Any view to the contrary is purely speculative. However, it does give one food for thought. Does competition drive success? In other words, if we are in a race to outdo an opponent, can we accomplish anything to show the rival up? It would certainly seem so. The old man’s analogy began to eat away at me and left me pondering several ironies. Every day we are saturated by media reports of national and international conundrums with no sign of relief. For instance, the world recession is spreading and man is powerless to resolve the problem. Likewise, children go missing every day and try as we like, man is powerless to find them and return them to their families safely. Yet man was able to travel to the moon and return safely.

Obama's Policy in Afghanistan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Obama's Policy in Afghanistan - Essay Example Obama was likely to bring the ray of hope for the people of America. But for Obama it was a test of all his managerial and leadership skills. One of the major challenges that newly became president faced was making policies for Afghanistan. But before discussing Obama’s Afghanistan policy in detail it is very important to have a clear idea about the major incidents in Afghanistan over the past few years and how intensely America is associated with Afghanistan. After 9/11 America got itself directly involved in the biggest war against terrorism in Afghanistan as the country believed that Osama Bin Laden was the master mind behind 9/11. Laden was the founder of terrorist group Al Qaeda and was hiding in Afghanistan where he got support from Taliban. Thousands of US troops were deployed in Afghanistan with the objective of defeating Taliban and Al-Qaeda by catching Osama Bin Laden and other leaders of Al Qaeda and Taliban. On December 07, 2001 Kandahar which was a Taliban stronghold fell down and Bin Laden along with Mullah Mohammed Omar who was a Taliban leader escaped. On December 16 Tora Bora, the mountain cave where Taliban and Al Qaeda took shelter, also fell down. An interim government of six month was formed in Afghanistan and Hamid Karzai, was selected as the chairman of this government. In 2002 Karzai was elected as president of Afghanistan, although other Afghan factions were not happy regarding this. But on January 04, 2004 they a ll agreed on a constitution which made the way for elections (Guardian, A chronology of events in Afghanistan since the attacks of September 11 2001). Finally in October presidential election took place and in November Karzai was declared to be the winner. In the meanwhile international community was providing financial aid with the purpose of rebuilding the country. Despite of falling of most of the Taliban and Al Qaeda strongholds, several small and medium scale attacks were made from their end on

On Time Importance Essay Example for Free

On Time Importance Essay We are successful in life only when we make the best use of time. Time cannot be stopped, paused, or regained. Some point in life whether it be business related, or for leisure, someone or something will require you to be at a certain place at a given time. Punctuality could be the key to winning a contest, finalizing a business deal, or even keeping your job. We all as human beings have been late before, things happen, but constant lateness affects your dependability. If you are not dependable your opportunities for progression will start to decrease. The life of George Washington was characterized by a scrupulous regard for punctuality. When he asked a man to bring by some horses he was interested in buying at five in the morning, and the man arrived fifteen minutes late, he was told by the stable groom that the general had been waiting there at five, but had now moved on to other business, and that he wouldn’t be able to examine the horses again until the following week. When he told Congress that he’d meet with them at noon, he could almost always be found striding into the chamber just as the clock was striking twelve. Washington’s promptness extended to his mealtimes as well. He ate dinner each day at exactly 4 o’clock, and when he invited members of Congress to dine with him, and they arrived late, they were often surprised to find the president halfway done with his meal or even pushing back from the table. To his startled, tardy guest he would say, â€Å"We are punctual here. My cook never asks whether the company has arrived, but whether the hour has come. †( www. artofmanliness. com) George Washington was a perfect example on how important punctuality is, and what opportunities can be missed. For our first president, being on time was a way of showing respect to others, and he expected to be treated with the same level of respect in return. Although no longer live in an age of knickers and powdered wigs, but being punctual is just as important as it ever was. â€Å"Soldiers should be minutemen. Punctuality is one of the most valuable habits a soldier can possess. † Christopher Andrews said it the best, when it comes to punctuality in the army is your bread and butter. You could be the best soldier, but if you’re late all the time you can quickly be potrayed as something way less. Being punctual builds and reveals your discipline. The punctual man shows that he can organize his time, that he pays attention to details, and that he can put aside this to do that ; he can set aside a pleasure to take care of business. The non punctual man shows he needs to be supervised, seems unprepared, and unprofessional. These things are all the things that could stop a soldier from progressing. It is like a domino effect, one consequence leads to another, and leads you down a trail of detriment. Something so simple as being on time can be the key to being allowed to go to a promotion board, or even staying in the military. If the conduct was constant, action may be intiated to separate you from the service. If you are involuntarily separted, you could receive an Honorable discharge, a general discharge, or under other than honorable conditions discharge. An honorable discharge is a separation with honor based on the quality of service, which meets the standards of acceptable conduct and performance of duty. A general discharge is a separation under honorable conditions , based on a military record being satisfactory but not sufficiently meritorious to warrant an honorable discharge. A discharge under other than honorable conditions is based upon a pattern of behavior of one or more acts or omissions that constitutes a significant departure from the conduct expected of a soldier. An honorable discharge may be awarded under any provisions. A general discharge may be awarded for separation under Chapter 5, Chapter 9, Chapter 13, or Chapter 14. An under othe than honorable conditions discharge may be awarded for separation under Chapter 14 for misconduct. If you receive an honorable discharge, you will be qualififed for most benefits resulting from military service. An involuntary honorable discharge, however will disqualify you from reenlistment for some period of time and may disqualify you from receiving transitional benefits. Also the Montgomery GI Bill you have not met other program requirements. If you receive a General discharge, you will be disqualified from reenlisting in the service for some period of time and you will be ineligible for some military and VA administered benefits, including the Montgomery GI bill. You may also face difficulty in obtaining civilian employment, as employers have a low regard for the General and Under Other Than Honorable conditions discharges. Although there are agencies to which you may apply to have the character of your discharge changed, it is unlikely that any such applications will be successful. Time is the most influential factor in this world. It is abstract. Everything in this world is commanded and decided by time. Nobody can escape the hold of time. It is the time which gives us the opportunity to make use of it. Those who make best use of time and avail those opportunities grow and rise in life. Those who waste their time lag behind. They fail to make any mark in life. He is the wisest who makes the best use of time. He rises to the great heights who keep pace with the time. Time is very important, it should be managed as if each second , minute hour, day is money. After all time is money. If time isn’t important to you, remember its important to someone else. If you are late to something chances are you are wasting someone else’s time. Being late is a form of stealing. That’s a tough truth, but it’s a truth nonetheless. When you make others wait for you, you rob minutes from them that they’ll never get back. Time they could have turned into money, or simply used for the things important to them. In coming to meet you at the agreed upon hour, they may have made sacrifices – woken up early, cut short their workout, told their kid they couldn’t read a story together – and your lateness negates those sacrifices. If you wouldn’t think of taking ten dollars from another man’s wallet, you shouldn’t think of stealing ten minutes from him either. Being punctual shows you value time yourself, and thus wouldn’t think of depriving others of this precious, but limited resource. Even when you are not dealing with work related things being on time is still important to many people, family, and friends. Being late strains your relationships. When you’re late in meeting other people, it makes them feel under-valued, that whatever you couldn’t pull yourself away from was more important or that they didn’t mean enough to you to warrant allotting sufficient time to arrive on schedule. The guest who flies in to see you feels like a dope standing at the airport alone, your date feels awkward sitting at the restaurant by herself, and your child feels abandoned as she waits with her teacher for you to arrive, all the other children having already been picked up from school. This is not the first time you’ve heard that punctuality is important. It’s easy to understand how keeping our appointments and reporting on time is a sign of respect. This is especially the case for improving employee productivity. If your leader keeps their word about meetings, deadlines and other time-sensitive promises, it’s easy to feel motivated to get things done. Failure to be prompt has consequences. When you are late or blow someone off entirely, you are telling them that your time is more important than theirs. Of course we should all be on time. And naturally, when circumstances pop up we should call ahead to say we are running late. Let’s put aside human psychology and Army mumbo jumbo for a moment, however, and talk about machinery. Time is an essential element in any working system. The spark plugs in an engine have to fire at exactly the right speed. A bridge can hold the weight of a million cars, as long as are spaced far enough apart. A clock quickly becomes useless if every second is not precisely one second long. All of these parameters are designed for increasing employee productivity. Time is important! Being late is like taking the oil out of a well run machine. It gums up the works, cranks up the heat, and causes things to break. When you are late to a doctor’s appointment, you may cause a domino effect that disrupts other patients. And when the doctor is running behind, you may end up waiting for ages thanks to overlapping ripples in the schedule. This problem applies to any business. Improvement is only possible if we recognize that failure to manage time affects everything.

The Main Types Of Social Enquiry Psychology Essay

The Main Types Of Social Enquiry Psychology Essay Research is the systematic investigation and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.Main types of social enquiry. Social Inquiry provides students with a broad overview of modern social theory and approaches, addressing themes common across disciplines in the social sciences-especially sociology, politics, economics, and anthropology. Case study A careful study of some social unit (as a corporation or division within a corporation) that attempts to determine what factors led to its success or failure, report, written report, study or a written document describing the findings of some individual or group; this accords with the recent study. Cross sectional Cross-sectional research is a research method often used in developmental psychology, but also utilized in many other areas including social science and education. This type of study utilizes different groups of people who differ in the variable of interest, but share other characteristics such as socioeconomic status, educational background, and ethnicity. For example, researchers studying developmental psychology might select groups of people who are remarkably similar in most areas, but differ only in age. By doing this, any differences between groups can presumably be attributed to age differences rather than to other variables. Longitudinal Longitudinal research is a type of research method used to discover relationships between variables that are not related to various background variables. This observational research technique involves studying the same group of individuals over an extended period of time. Data is first collected at the outset of the study, and may then be gathered repeatedly throughout the length of the study. In some cases, longitudinal studies can last several decades. 1.2 Investigate research objectives in order to contribute to, modify and improve upon theory and practice Research objectives Research objectives set the purpose and focus of your research with the fundamental questions that will be addressed. Defining your research objectives means defining what do I need to investigate and how am I going to do it? Objectives are the single most important aspect of research design and implementation. They include individual, tangible steps that will be taken in your research. Your individual steps will revolve around a wider question or problem that youve defined. Often, objectives will be based on the findings of other research taking something someone else has investigated or theorised and focusing on a specific aspect of their findings to either strengthen or challenge them. Such follow-up research involves more than repeating research thats already been done. It aims to improve the understanding of a specific topic through asking what else needs to be evidenced before the research is meaningful, or what knowledge could be garnered from a more focused investigation, or scrutiny of the existing findings Dimensions to be measured Productivity Efficiency Effectiveness Objectives are converted into hypotheses and tested. If data analysis is positive the hypothesis is accepted and the theory hold good, conversely if the data analysis is opposite to the hypothesis it is rejected and the theory is not valid. The objectives would contribute to improve our understanding of the problem investigated Since objectives are identified through academic literature review the measurement of research objectives would lead to either consolidate existing theories or would lead to modification or improvement of existing theories and therefore current practice. 1.3 systematically analyse the main research philosophies of positivism and phenomenology. Research philosophies There are two kinds of research philosophies Positivism Positivism was a result of rejection of concepts that belonged to metaphysics, for example god. As sociologists found it different to explain things as also to test and prove, they looked for other ideas. They felt a strong need for social sciences to be more objective and verifiable as science subjects. Positivism arose as an alternative to metaphysics in an attempt to describe social phenomenon leaving aside what cannot be known or is beyond the scope of social sciences. Positivists are of the view that we can analyze and draw conclusions only what we observe. What we see and can measure forms the subject matter of positivism. Two of the most influential positivists are Durkheim and Comte. Interpretivism Interpretivism arose as scientists felt that human beings were not puppets to react to stimuli in a prescribed manner. They were active and purposeful and can respond to stimuli in different ways depending upon their interpretation. Interpretivists describe human beings as having intent and the power to interpret, they say that human beings have the capability to construct their surroundings rather than being a mere spectators to what is happening around them. These scientists stressed the thinking, intentions and behaviours of human beings more than positivists thereby drawing conclusions that were more realistic and perhaps more valid also. Interpretivists talk about shared consciousness as the brain behind many of the concepts in a society. Task: 2 2.1 Examine qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. When conducting a research, it is very important to decide on the methodology depending upon focus of study. There are basically two ways to go about an analysis, qualitative analysis  and quantitative analysis. There are many who cannot differentiate between the two concepts and think of them as same which is incorrect. If analysis can be thought of as a continuum, quantitative analysis lies at one extreme and qualitative would obviously lie at the other extreme. Research is the most important tool to increase our knowledge base about things and people. There are two important methods of doing research namely quantitative and qualitative research methods. Despite some overlapping, there is a clear cut difference between quantitative and qualitative research. Quantitative research As the name implies, this type of research pertains to studying social behaviour through techniques that have computational basis. The tools in a quantitative research are mathematical in nature, and measurements form the backbone of any quantitative research. These measurements provide the basis for observation and recording of data that can be later analyzed quantitatively. Rather than being subjective, quantitative research yields data that is more or less unbiased and can be expressed in numerical terms such as percentages or statistics that is easily understandable for a layman. Researcher utilizes the results to make generalizations about a larger set of population. Qualitative research This is a kind of research that employs different ways of gathering information without making use of any scientific measurement tools. For example, the sources of information could be varied like diary accounts, surveys, and questionnaires containing open ended questions, interviews that are not structured and also such observations that are not structured. The data collected through qualitative research is not expressed in mathematical terms. It is descriptive in nature and its analysis is also harder than finding ones way through a maze of statistical tools. Case studies and ethnography seem to be perfect for utilizing qualitative research tools. Qualitative vs Quantitative Research The design of study is not ready beforehand and develops and unfolds gradually in a qualitative research while the design and structure are already present in quantitative research Data generated in quantitative research is numerically expressed in percentages and numbers while data obtained through qualitative research is in the form of text or picture Data in quantitative research is efficient but may not be able to capture the true essence of human nature and behaviour while qualitative data in words can capture the human nature in totality Results of quantitative research are quantifiable while the results of a qualitative research are subjective in nature 2.2 critically evaluate the role of the researcher. Typically the researcher is expected to: take responsibility for finding out what is expected take the initiative in raising problems or difficulties help the supervisory team to ensure consistency discuss with the supervisory team how to make guidance more effective, including disability related concerns agree, organise and attend mutually convenient meetings, contribute to their agenda and circulate work in advance undertake research training as agreed and where need is identified undertake recommended reading produce written work as agreed comply with reporting procedures and inform supervisors of the progress of your research tell supervisors about difficulties you encounter in your work arrange for informal sharing of information and practice generate your own ideas set realistic deadlines ask if he dont understand decide when to submit the thesis and ensure that it is submitted on time Ensure that the findings complies with regulations. 2.3 systematically analyse qualitative approaches covering the following terms: Descriptive, Interpretive, Ethnographic and Naturalistic studies. Description According to Emerson, Fretz, and Shaw, 1995, Giorgi, 1992, Wolcott, 1994, There is no pure looking with a naked eye, and there is no immaculate. Researchers seeking to describe an experience or event select what they will describe and, in the process of featuring certain aspects of it, begin to transform that experience or event. Although no description is free of interpretation, basic or fundamental qualitative description, as opposed to, for example, phenomenological or grounded theory description, entails a kind of interpretation that is low-inference, or likely to result in easier consensus among researchers. Even though one researcher may feature the feelings and a second researcher the events a woman reported in an interview, both researchers will likely agree that. In the case of two researchers describing ostensibly the same scene, one researcher might feature the spatial arrangement in a room, while the second researcher will feature the social interactions. But both researchers ought to agree with each others descriptions as accurate renderings of the scene. That is, with low-inference descriptions, researchers will agree more readily on the facts of the case, even if they may not feature the same facts in their descriptions. Interpretive According to the Wolcott 1994, interpretive, is the human perceptions, basic qualitative description is not highly interpretive in the sense that a researcher deliberately chooses to describe an event in terms of a conceptual, philosophical, or other highly abstract framework or system. The description in qualitative descriptive studies entails the presentation of the facts of the case in everyday language. In contrast, phenomenological, theoretical, ethnographic, or narrative descriptions re-present events in other terms. Researchers are obliged to put much more of their own interpretive spin on what they see and hear. There are certain types of phenomenological studies incline the researcher to look for, and interpret data in terms of, life world existential, such as Van Manen, 1990, claims that corporeality and temporality Such descriptions require researchers to move farther into or beyond their data as they demand not just reading words and scenes, but rather reading into, between, and over them McMahon 1996, Poirier and Ayres 1997 and Wertz 1983 analyse phenomenological study which is an excellent demonstration of the successive transformations from a participants description of an event to a researchers phenomenological description of that event. Although less interpretive than phenomenological or grounded theory description, fundamental qualitative description is more interpretive than quantitative description, which typically entails surveys or other pre-structured means to obtain a common dataset on pre-selected variables, and descriptive statistics to summarize them. Naturalistic observation Naturalistic observation is a research method commonly used by psychologists and other social scientists. This technique involves observing subjects in their natural environment. This type of research is often utilized in situations where conducting lab research is unrealistic, cost prohibitive or would unduly affect the subjects behaviour. Naturalistic observation differs from structured observation in that it involves looking at behaviour as it occurs in its natural setting with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher. 2.4 systematically analyse qualitative approaches including Independent observation, large samples, Development of hypotheses, Statistical analyses. Observation Qualitative observational research describes and classifies various cultural, racial and sociological groups by employing interpretive and naturalistic approaches. It is both observational and narrative in nature and relies less on the experimental elements normally associated with scientific research of reliability, validity and generalizability. Connelly and Clendenin (1990) suggest that qualitative inquiry relies more on appetency, verisimilitude and transferability. On the other hand, Lincoln and Guba (1985) emphasize the importance of credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability in qualitative studies. Large samples Any of the purposeful sampling techniques can be used in qualitative descriptive studies. Especially useful, though, is maximum variation sampling, which allows researchers to explore the common and QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTION unique manifestations of a target phenomenon across a broad range of phenomenally and demographically varied cases (Sandelowski,1995). Researchers like Trost, 1986 also choose to sample cases to represent a combination of pre-selected variables , or typical or unusual cases of a phenomenon, in order to describe it as it tends to appear or uncommonly appears. As in any qualitative study, the ultimate goal of purposeful sampling is to obtain cases deemed information-rich for the purposes of study. The obligation of researchers is to defend their sampling strategies as reasonable for their purposes. Task:3 3.1 examine the basic principle of research design with respect to objectives, plan, action, review, report. All research is different but the following factors are common to all good pieces of research. If the research aims to identify the scale of a problem or need, a more quantitative, randomised, statistical sample survey may be more appropriate. Good research can often use a combination of methodologies, which complement one another. The research should be carried out in an unbiased fashion. As far as possible the researcher should not influence the results of the research in any way. If this is likely, it needs to be addressed explicitly and systematically. From the beginning, the research should have appropriate and sufficient resources in terms of people, time, transport, money etc. allocated to it. The people conducting the research should be trained in research and research methods and this training should provide: Knowledge around appropriate information gathering techniques, An understanding of research issues, An understanding of the research area, An understanding of the issues around dealing with vulnerable social care clients and housing clients, especially regarding risk, privacy and sensitivity and the possible need for support. Those involved in designing, conducting, analysing and supervising the research should have a full understanding of the subject area. In some instances, it helps if the researcher has experience of working in the area. However, this can also be a negative factor, as sometimes research benefits from the fresh eyes and ears of an outsider, which may lead to less bias. If applicable, the information generated from the research will inform the policy-making process. All research should be ethical and not harmful in any way to the participants. Background Why is this research important? What other studies have there been in this area? How will this research add to knowledge in this area? Objectives What do you want to find out? What is the main question you wish to answer? What are the specific questions you will ask to address the main question? Are you going to do this research on your own or with others? Plan Who are you targeting in this research? How many people or case files do you intend to interview or read through? Where will the research take place? Will participants be clearly and fully informed of the purpose of the research study? How will you do this? How will participants be clear about the expectations of the researcher? Do you have an information sheet and a consent form for participants? Action It enables you to examine your own situation. It is a participatory process and allows for input from all those involved. It is collaborative. You work with colleagues and other participants to answer your research question. It allows for an ongoing process of selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ evaluation where you appraise yourself and your own performance. It assumes that you already have a great deal of professional knowledge and can continue to develop this knowledge and improve your practice. Review A review of the literature is an essential part of your academic research. The review is a careful examination of a body of literature pointing toward the answer to your research question. Literature reviewed typically includes scholarly journals, scholarly books, authoritative databases and primary sources. Sometimes it includes newspapers and magazines. Primary sources are the origin of information under study, fundamental documents relating to a particular subject or idea. Often they are firsthand accounts written by a witness or researcher at the time of an event or discovery. Secondary sources are documents or recordings that relate to or discuss information originally presented elsewhere. These, too, may be accessible as physical objects or electronically in databases or on the Internet. Report Draft the report from your detailed plan. Do not worry too much about the final form and language, but rather on presenting the ideas Coherently and logically. Redraft and edit. Check that sections contain the required information and use suitable headings, Check ideas flow in a logical order and remove any unnecessary information. Write in an academic style and tone. Use a formal objective style. Generally avoid personal pronouns; however, some reports based on your own field 3.2 critically evaluate the success of both qualitative and quantitative research projects using relative literature. Quantitative Research Quantitative Research options have been predetermined and a large number of respondents are involved. By definition, measurement must be objective, quantitative and statistically valid. Simply put, its about numbers, objective hard data. The sample size for a survey is calculated by statisticians using formulas to determine how large a sample size will be needed from a given population in order to achieve findings with an acceptable degree of accuracy. Generally, researchers seek sample sizes which yield findings with at least a 95% confidence interval (which means that if you repeat the survey 100 times, 95 times out of a hundred, you would get the same response), plus/minus a margin error of 5 percentage points. Many surveys are designed to produce a smaller margin of error. Qualitative Research Qualitative Research is collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data by observing what people do and say. Whereas, quantitative research refers to counts and measures of things, qualitative research refers to the meanings, concepts, definitions, characteristics, metaphors, symbols, and descriptions of things. Qualitative research is much more subjective than quantitative research and uses very different methods of collecting information, mainly individual, in-depth interviews and focus groups. The nature of this type of research is exploratory and open-ended. Small numbers of people are interviewed in-depth and/or a relatively small number of focus groups are conducted. Participants are asked to respond to general questions and the interviewer or group moderator probes and explores their responses to identify and define peoples perceptions, opinions and feelings about the topic or idea being discussed and to determine the degree of agreement that exists in the group. The quality of the finding from qualitative research is directly dependent upon the skills, experience and sensitive of the interviewer or group moderator. This type of research is often less costly than surveys and is extremely effective in acquiring information about peoples communications needs and their responses to and views about specific communications. Basically, quantitative research is objective; qualitative is subjective. Quantitative research seeks explanatory laws; qualitative research aims at in-depth description. Qualitative research measures what it assumes to be a static reality in hopes of developing universal laws. Qualitative research is an exploration of what is assumed to be a dynamic reality. It does not claim that what is discovered in the process is universal, and thus, replicable. Common differences usually cited between these types of research include. Task:4 4.1 define a research problem or issue by analysing current literature and management practice. Research problem It is one of the first statements made in any research paper and, as well as defining the research area, should include a quick synopsis of how the hypothesis was arrived at. This will lead to the proposal of a viable hypothesis. As an aside, when scientists are putting forward proposals for research funds, the quality of their research problem often makes the difference between success and failure. Defining a Research Problem Lack of force that drives the people to behave the way they do and they behave even in hardship. Qualitative research designs use inductive reasoning to propose a research problem.Reasoning Cycle Scientific Research This is called the conceptual definition, and is an overall view of the problem. Lack of motivation is like measuring abstract concepts, such as intelligence, emotions, and subjective responses, and then a system of measuring numerically needs to be established, allowing statistical analysis and replication. For example, motivation may be measured with a questionnaire from strongly disagree disagree dont know agree strongly agree 4.2 Examine the background and content of the research Early explanations of motivation focused on instincts. Psychologists writing in the late 19th and early twentieth century suggested that human beings were basically programmed to behave in certain ways, depending upon the behavioural cues to which they were exposed. Sigmund Freud, for example, argued that the most powerful determinants of individual behaviour were those of which the individual was not consciously aware. According to Motivation and Leadership at Work (Steers, Porter, and Bigley, 1996), in the early twentieth century researchers began to examine other possible explanations for differences in individual motivation. Some researchers focused on internal drives as an explanation for motivated behaviour. Others studied the effect of learning and how individuals base current behaviour on the consequences of past behaviour. Still others examined the influence of individuals cognitive processes, such as the beliefs they have about future events. Over time, these major theoretical streams of research in motivation were classified into two major schools: the content theories of motivation and the process theories of motivation. 4.3 Develop research questions to elicit facts, information, gaps in knowledge, and dichotomies in management processes and practices. Research questions and hypotheses narrow the purpose statement and become major signposts for readers. Qualitative researchers ask at least one central question and several sub questions. They begin the questions with words such as how or what and use exploratory verbs, such as explore or describe. They pose broad, general questions to allow the participants to explain their ideas. They also focus initially on one central phenomenon of interest. The questions may also mention the participants and the site for the research. 1. Determine if a mixed methods study is needed to study the problem 2. Consider whether a mixed methods study is feasible 3. Write both qualitative and quantitative research questions 4. Review and decide on the types of data collection 5. Assess the relative weight and implementation strategy for each method 6. Present a visual model 7. Determine how the data will be analyzed 8. Assess the criteria for evaluating the study 9. Develop a plan for the study I encourage mixed methods researchers to construct separate mixed methods questions in their studies. This question might be written to emphasize the procedures or the content of the study, and it might be placed at different points. By writing this question, the researcher conveys the importance of integrating or combining the quantitative and qualitative elements. Several models exist for writing mixed methods questions into studies: writing only quantitative questions or hypotheses and qualitative questions, or writing both quantitative questions or hypotheses and qualitative questions followed by a mixed methods question, or writing only a mixed methods question. 4.4 critically evaluate the project plan from the following perspectives: ethical, social, legal, stakeholders. Ethical and Legal When most people think of ethics (or morals), they think of rules for distinguishing between right and wrong, such as the Golden Rule (Do unto others as you would have them do unto you). This is the most common way of defining ethics for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour. Even conducting our research we have to look into following ethical aspects: Honesty Objectivity Integrity Carefulness Openness Respect for Intellectual Property Confidentiality Responsible Publication Responsible Mentoring Respect for colleagues Social Responsibility Non-Discrimination Competence Legality Animal Care Human Subjects Protection Task: 5 Critically evaluate what implications previous research into the topic chosen have for the research proposal. Implications in research of motivation at work Following can be expected as implications in research of motivation at work. Lack of secondary data Some secondary data is limited and insufficient. Sometimes, external parties dont like to give their real idea about regarding their motivation. Draw backs in primary data collection It is very difficult. Because, all data not already available. Some data related people feels, attitudes or opinion. And next important fact is both of primary data have qualitative and quantitative behaviour. Both of data is dependents on peoples opinion. Time constraints Students have very limited time in their academic career and this research should conduct simultaneously with other learning activities. Therefore, It is difficult to handle all learning and research activities under limited time management. Financial constraints Due to cost involved mainly with the process of data collection, limited number of sources and the small size of sample area can cause biased findings which may mislead the results. 5.2 systematically analyse literature relevant to the content of the proposal. Great scholars Gardner Lambert, 1972 proposed that motivation is influenced by two orientations to language learning. An integrative orientation is typical of someone who identifies with and values the target language and community, and who approaches language study with the intention of entering that community. Such an individual is thought to have an internal, more enduring motivation for language study. Instrumentally motivated learners, on the other hand, are more likely to see language learning as enabling them to do other useful things, but as having no special significance in itself. Such learners will be motivated if they see language learning as having beneficial career prospects or something that will enable them to use transactional language with speakers of the foreign language. A second problem he argues is whether the integrative/instrumental conceptualization captures the full spectrum of student motivation. It may be that, for a given population of second language students, there are reasons for language learning that are unrelated to either of the two motivational orientations. I agree with Ely that it is not always easy to tell one from the other. For example, there are students who dont like to study, but they have to, because they have pressure from their parents, peers, teachers, and so forth. This is also a type of motivation which cant belong to either of the two motivational orientations. 5.3 Make conclusions regarding different approaches to and outcomes of research. Lack of motivation to learn is very striking thing in almost all of the schools in Japan. I believe some of the schools in other countries also face the same problem. One of the things I found through this literature review is that if we, as teachers, cant motivate students to learn directly, we should look at different ways to try to motivate them indirectly. For example, we should encourage them to be autonomous learner, increase their confidence, and try to get rid of anxiety they have in learning. That will lead to great motivation eventually, and thus lead to success in learning. One of the strategies we can use is need analysis. We must find out which aspects of L2 learning are personally valuable to students and must design tasks that support those aspects. For example, if students will go abroad, they will need to communicate with people in English, s